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MicroRNA-based recent research developments in Alzheimer's disease.
Jaime Ramirez-Gomez1, Sarthak Dalal1, Davin Devara1
1Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|February 2, 2025
Summary
microRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and therapeutics. Specific miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in AD and may offer diagnostic potential, while others are explored for cognitive improvement, though clinical trials face challenges.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder impacting memory and physical function in aging individuals.
- microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs crucial for neurological functions like synaptic plasticity and apoptosis.
- Aberrant miRNA expression is observed in AD patients across various tissues, suggesting their involvement in disease pathology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
- To identify specific miRNAs as potential biomarkers for AD diagnosis.
- To explore miRNA-based therapeutic strategies for improving cognitive symptoms in AD.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of recent research, patents, and clinical trial data concerning miRNAs in AD.
- Identification of miRNAs with diagnostic potential through their interaction with AD hallmarks like amyloid-beta and tau.
- Review of miRNA mimics and antisense oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents for AD.
Main Results:
- Several miRNAs (e.g., miRNA-29a, miRNA-125b, miRNA-34a) show promise as AD biomarker candidates due to aberrant expression.
- Specific miRNAs (e.g., miRNA-483-5p, miRNA-124) are being investigated as therapeutics to restore endogenous miRNA activity and improve cognitive function.
- Clinical trials for miRNA-based AD therapeutics face challenges related to experimental design, transparency, and participant numbers.
Conclusions:
- miRNAs represent a significant area of research for novel AD biomarkers and therapeutic interventions.
- While promising, miRNA-based therapeutics require further development to overcome clinical trial hurdles.
- Ongoing patenting activities underscore the commitment to advancing miRNA-based strategies for AD management.
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