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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
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Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism break down simple and complex carbohydrates from food into saccharides (i.e., sugars) for the body to use as energy. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. The masticated carbohydrates remain intact in the stomach. Digestion resumes in the duodenum of the small intestine, where pancreatic alpha-amylase and brush border enzymes of the microvilli convert complex carbohydrates to monosaccharides. Finally, the monosaccharides...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

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Streptococcus mutans and Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

D Mazurel1, B W Brandt1, M Boomsma1

  • 1Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands.

Journal of Dental Research
|February 3, 2025
PubMed
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This review confirms Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is strongly linked to cavities. Microbiome analysis shows S. mutans is more prevalent and abundant in caries-active individuals, supporting its role in tooth decay.

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16s ribosomal rnadental plaquehigh-throughput nucleotide sequencingmicrobiotareal-time polymerase chain reactionsaliva

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Dental Research
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • The role of *Streptococcus mutans* as the primary cause of dental caries has been debated due to reliance on single-species identification.
  • Previous studies often overlooked the comprehensive oral microbiome composition, limiting understanding of *S. mutans*'s etiological significance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and assess the prevalence and abundance of *S. mutans* in caries-active (CA) versus caries-free (CF) subjects.
  • To analyze clinical studies that investigated the oral microbiome, focusing on *S. mutans* detection alongside the broader microbial community.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases up to May 22, 2023.
  • Included studies analyzed both *S. mutans* and the oral microbial community in CA and CF individuals using DNA-based methods.
  • Data on prevalence and relative abundance were extracted and analyzed using a random-effects model meta-analysis.

Main Results:

  • Of 19 eligible studies, 16 reported higher *S. mutans* prevalence in CA subjects compared to CF.
  • All 11 studies reporting relative abundance showed higher levels of *S. mutans* in CA individuals, ranging from 0.001% to 5%.
  • Microbiome data analysis did not identify other bacterial genera or species as consistently associated with caries.

Conclusions:

  • This microbiome-based evidence strongly associates the prevalence and abundance of *S. mutans* with caries experience.
  • The findings support the recognition of *S. mutans*'s cariogenic role within the oral ecosystem.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the specific mechanisms and functions of *S. mutans* in dental caries development.