MAPbX₃ Perovskite Single Crystals for Advanced Optoelectronic Applications: Progress, Challenges, and Perspective

Perovskite single crystals have garnered significant attention due to their impressive properties in optoelectronic applications, including long carrier diffusion lengths, low trap-state densities, and enhanced stability. Methylamino lead halide perovskite (MAPbX₃, where X is a halogen such as Cl, Br, or I) is a notable example of a metal halide perovskite with desirable properties and ideal cubic perovskites with a tolerance factor between 0.9 and 1.0. MAPbX₃ has adjustable bandgap, high thermal and chemical stability, and excellent light absorption capacity. Here the unique characteristics of MAPbX₃, including molecular structure, optical absorption properties, and carrier transport of MAPbX₃ single crystals are summarized. Universal growth technologies for MAPbX₃ single crystals, including inverse temperature crystallization, anti-solvent evaporation crystallization, solvent evaporation method, and single-crystalline thin film, including epitaxial method and space limiting method, are briefly introduced. Additionally, a comprehensive review of MAPbX₃ single crystals in various optoelectronic device applications, including photodetectors, X-ray detectors, light-emitting diodes, lasers, and solar cells is mainly discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of the large-scale preparation and growth of MAPbX₃ single crystals are put forward. With the continuous progress of photoelectric technology, more innovative photoelectric applications in the future are expected to bring more convenience and progress.