Dual-functional guanosine-based hydrogel: high-efficiency protection in radiation-induced oral mucositis

Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) is the most common adverse effect experienced by cancer patients following radiotherapy; however, effective clinical treatments remain insufficiently recognized. In this study, a guanosine-polyvinyl alcohol (G-PVA) supramolecular hydrogel was developed using a one-pot synthesis method. The G-PVA hydrogel demonstrated remarkable wet adhesion properties measuring 74.16 kPa (±3.53 kPa), biocompatibility and shape adaptability, making it suitable for the dynamic conditions of the oral cavity. Under radiation exposure, the G-PVA hydrogel not only mitigated oxidative stress but also provided effective protection to cells against direct damage, as shown by the decrease in the number of γ-H2AX foci from 79.81% (±1.33%) to 5.70% (±0.88%) and 17.12% (±3.44%), respectively. In vivo investigations further validated that the G-PVA hydrogel significantly reduced RIOM, with a decrease in the relative ulcerative area by 52.23% in comparison to the IR group. This dual-functional supramolecular hydrogel may represent a promising new clinical strategy for the prevention of RIOM in the future.