Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning is an innovative technique that enables real-time monitoring of brain activity among multiple individuals engaged in social interactions. Researchers in this field quantify concurrent brain activities through the index of inter-brain synchrony (IBS). In psychological counseling research, the use of fNIRS to measure IBS has garnered attention for its potential to illuminate the dynamics of counselor-client interactions. Nevertheless, the field currently lacks a standardized protocol for precisely measuring IBS between counselors and clients, which would facilitate the revelation of real-time interaction patterns during counseling sessions. To address this need, this paper proposes a detailed standardized protocol, outlining the procedural steps for conducting fNIRS hyperscanning in psychological counseling settings, focusing on the acquisition of brain signals, calculation of IBS between counselors and clients, and analysis of lead-lag patterns of IBS throughout counseling sessions. Implementing this standardized fNIRS hyperscanning pipeline not only enhances the reproducibility and reliability of IBS measurements in psychological counseling research but also facilitates deeper insights into the neural mechanisms underlying working alliance. By integrating fNIRS hyperscanning into naturalistic counseling environments, researchers can advance understanding of how IBS correlates with counseling outcomes, potentially informing personalized approaches to mental health treatment.