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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
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Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

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The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

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Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:28

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

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Brugada syndrome update.

Tingting Xu1, Shaokun Wang1, Jiawen Wang2

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.

Frontiers in Physiology
|February 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a genetic heart condition caused by sodium channel defects, leading to dangerous arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Early diagnosis and risk assessment are crucial for managing this disorder.

Keywords:
Brugada syndromeimplantable cardioverter defibrillatorquinidineradiofrequency ablationright ventricular outflow tract

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a genetic cardiac disorder.
  • It is primarily caused by mutations in the Nav1.5 sodium channel α-subunit.
  • BrS can lead to syncope, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in structurally normal hearts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of Brugada syndrome.
  • To focus on recent advancements in diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment.
  • To critically evaluate current controversies in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent diagnostic techniques.
  • Analysis of current risk assessment strategies.
  • Examination of therapeutic advancements and ongoing debates.

Main Results:

  • The review synthesizes current knowledge on BrS.
  • It highlights progress in identifying at-risk individuals.
  • It discusses evolving treatment paradigms and unresolved issues.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition and risk stratification are vital for managing BrS.
  • Advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics offer improved patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to address ongoing controversies.