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Facial expression during induced pain.

K D Craig, C J Patrick

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |April 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Facial expressions during pain show individual variation and decline over time, despite increasing self-reported pain. Social models influenced pain tolerance but not facial pain expressions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Pain Perception
    • Nonverbal Communication

    Background:

    • Facial expressions are crucial for pain assessment but lack detailed scientific description.
    • Understanding facial pain displays is vital for accurate patient evaluation and treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To rigorously describe facial reactions to acute noxious stimuli using a standardized system.
    • To investigate the influence of social modeling on pain expression and perception.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to objectively analyze facial muscle movements in 72 female volunteers.
    • Assessed reactions during a cold pressor pain challenge.
    • Examined the effect of exposure to pain-tolerant and pain-intolerant social models.

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    Main Results:

    • Identified specific facial actions (e.g., eye narrowing, lip raising, jaw dropping) consistently elicited by pain.
    • Observed significant individual variability in facial pain expressions.
    • Facial reactions were strongest at pain onset and diminished over time, contrasting with rising self-reported pain.
    • Social models significantly impacted pain tolerance and verbal pain reports, but not the facial expressions themselves.

    Conclusions:

    • Facial pain expressions are complex, exhibiting individual differences and dynamic changes during noxious stimulation.
    • Subjective pain and objective facial expressions are most closely linked at the initial phase of pain.
    • Facial pain expression appears relatively independent of social influences that modulate pain tolerance and reporting.