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Related Experiment Videos

A longitudinal study of friendship development.

R B Hays

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |April 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Successful friendships develop through increasing intimacy and perceived benefits, not just interaction quantity. Early relationship dynamics predict long-term friendship status.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Social Psychology
    • Relationship Science

    Background:

    • Understanding the formation of new friendships is crucial for social adjustment.
    • Early university experiences significantly shape interpersonal connections.
    • Few studies have longitudinally tracked the behavioral and attitudinal predictors of friendship development in initial stages.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify key factors distinguishing developing friendships from non-developing ones.
    • To examine the roles of interaction quantity, intimacy, and perceived benefits/costs.
    • To assess the predictive power of early relationship dynamics on long-term friendship status.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal study of 84 university freshmen over one academic term.

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  • Participants completed questionnaires at 3-week intervals about same-sex relationships.
  • Assessed dyadic interaction, intimacy, relationship benefits, costs, attitudes, and behaviors.

    • Main Results:

    • Developing friendships showed distinct behavioral and attitudinal patterns compared to non-developing dyads.
    • Intimacy level increasingly explained friendship intensity variance beyond interaction quantity.
    • Perceived relationship benefits positively correlated with friendship intensity and increased over time.
    • Relationship costs did not differ between close and non-close friends.
    • Early dyadic patterns predicted friendship status three months later.

    Conclusions:

    • Friendship development is characterized by evolving intimacy and perceived benefits.
    • Early interaction quality and attitudes are strong predictors of lasting friendships.
    • Motivational and situational factors also influence friendship outcomes.