Endovascular Treatment of Renal Artery Pseudoaneurysm Following Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: A Case Report

This report presents the case of a patient diagnosed with stage I renal cell carcinoma (RCC), who was treated with a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and, subsequently, percutaneous transarterial embolization (PTAE) due to a renal pseudoaneurysm secondary to partial nephrectomy. A laparoscopic partial nephrectomy was performed, sparing the healthy renal tissue. Four days after surgery, the patient's hematocrit count decreased by 8 points, and macroscopic hematuria was noted. PTAE of a renal pseudoaneurysm was indicated due to refractory bleeding. Adequate bleeding control and preservation of the renal parenchyma were achieved. Progress in early diagnosis of malignancy has resulted in the detection of more than 60% of RCCs at stage T1. In this scenario, new surgical techniques, which spare the renal parenchyma, have become the recommended therapeutic option in patients with early renal tumors. Likewise, dealing with complications arising from these new surgical techniques should also focus on maintaining kidney tissue integrity. We highlight the growing trend to implement minimally invasive therapies in patient care while pointing out the scarcity of studies contrasting immediate imaging results and clinically significant outcomes.