Chronic Sclerosing Osteomyelitis of the Mandible: A Case Report

Chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis (CSO) is a rare, non-suppurative inflammatory condition of the bone characterized by progressive sclerosis and fibrosis, often requiring a multifaceted diagnostic approach. This case highlights an eight-year-old female with progressive mandibular swelling and trismus unresponsive to prior treatments. Imaging and histopathological evaluation revealed features consistent with CSO, excluding infectious or neoplastic causes. Intraoperative findings prompted a shift from planned segmental resection to conservative bone shaving, preserving mandibular integrity while improving jaw mobility. Postoperative outcomes were favorable, with no evidence of new lesions or complications. This case underscores the importance of individualized management strategies and further research to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for pediatric CSO.