Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Presenting With Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade: A Case Report

Dengue fever encompasses a spectrum of illnesses, ranging from mild dengue fever to more severe forms, including dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Cardiogenic shock and multi-organ failure are among the complications that can arise from the syndrome, which is considered to be caused by endothelial cell loss and increased capillary permeability. Its incidence is especially significant during monsoon seasons. A 45-year-old woman required intubation after presenting with hypotension and changed mental status after suffering from a high-grade fever, severe headache, myalgias, and progressive respiratory distress for seven days. An emergency was called when imaging indicated a considerable pericardial effusion, which echocardiography verified. Pericardiocentesis was carried out, and 300 mL of hemorrhagic fluid was collected. She then required inotropic therapy to avoid cardiogenic shock. After receiving empirical antibiotics, platelet transfusions, and close supervision, the patient's health improved, and the pericardial drain was removed on the fifth day of hospitalization. Since myocarditis and pericardial effusion are uncommon but hazardous cardiac symptoms in dengue fever, it is critical to detect and treat these disorders in patients with severe dengue fever to limit the illness's morbidity and mortality.