Successful Management of Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis in a Diabetic Patient: A Case Report

Mucormycosis is a rare but aggressive fungal infection, primarily affecting immunocompromised patients, with diabetes being a significant risk factor. This report describes the case of a 20-year-old male with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes who presented with facial swelling, proptosis, and necrotic nasal lesions. Imaging and biopsy confirmed rhino-orbital mucormycosis with Rhizopus arrhizus. The patient underwent multiple surgical debridements and received dual antifungal therapy with liposomal amphotericin B and isavuconazole, alongside adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Despite multiple complications, such as septic and cardiogenic shock, "in and out" diabetic ketoacidosis, and long-term oral compromise, clinical stabilization was achieved after prolonged hospitalization and a multidisciplinary approach. Currently, the patient is clinically and radiologically stable over two years of suppressive therapy with isavuconazole. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis, aggressive multidisciplinary management, and tailored antifungal therapy in the treatment of rhino-orbital mucormycosis.