Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What are Populations and Communities?00:30

What are Populations and Communities?

33.7K
Overview
33.7K
Trophic Efficiency00:46

Trophic Efficiency

20.3K
Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.
20.3K
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

16.1K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

First New Zealand fur seal population assessment at the Bounty Islands in 30 years.

PeerJ·2026
Same author

Spatio-temporal overlap between purse seine fisheries and Humboldt penguin feeding areas in northern Chile.

PeerJ·2026
Same author

Vulnerability of marine megafauna to global at-sea anthropogenic threats.

Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·2025
Same author

Population structure of three New Zealand crested penguins identifies current conservation challenges for the Fiordland penguin/tawaki, erect-crested penguin, and eastern rockhopper penguin.

PloS one·2025
Same author

A Jack of All Trades-Tawaki/Fiordland penguins are able to utilise diverse marine habitats during winter migration.

PeerJ·2025
Same author

Inter-colony and inter-annual behavioural plasticity in the foraging strategies of a fjord-dwelling penguin-good news in the face of environmental change?

PeerJ·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

Modeling the Size Spectrum for Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Stream Ecosystems
07:41

Modeling the Size Spectrum for Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Stream Ecosystems

Published on: July 30, 2019

7.4K

Correction factors for prey size estimation from PenguCams.

Owen Dabkowski1, Ursula Ellenberg1,2,3, Thomas Mattern2,3,4

  • 1Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Peerj
|February 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Animal-borne cameras offer new insights into predator-prey dynamics. A new method uses video footage to accurately measure prey size and energy content, enhancing ecological research.

Keywords:
Animal-Bourne video camerasPenguCamsPenguinsPrey size estimate

More Related Videos

Development of New Methods for Quantifying Fish Density Using Underwater Stereo-video Tools
09:32

Development of New Methods for Quantifying Fish Density Using Underwater Stereo-video Tools

Published on: November 20, 2017

9.2K
Automatic Image Processing to Determine the Community Size Structure of Riverine Macroinvertebrates
08:56

Automatic Image Processing to Determine the Community Size Structure of Riverine Macroinvertebrates

Published on: January 13, 2023

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2025

Modeling the Size Spectrum for Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Stream Ecosystems
07:41

Modeling the Size Spectrum for Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Stream Ecosystems

Published on: July 30, 2019

7.4K
Development of New Methods for Quantifying Fish Density Using Underwater Stereo-video Tools
09:32

Development of New Methods for Quantifying Fish Density Using Underwater Stereo-video Tools

Published on: November 20, 2017

9.2K
Automatic Image Processing to Determine the Community Size Structure of Riverine Macroinvertebrates
08:56

Automatic Image Processing to Determine the Community Size Structure of Riverine Macroinvertebrates

Published on: January 13, 2023

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Animal behavior
  • Ecological research

Background:

  • Animal-borne cameras provide unprecedented views of wildlife behavior.
  • Traditional prey analysis relies on post-consumption examination, limiting detailed behavioral insights.
  • Accurate prey size estimation is crucial for understanding predator feeding ecology and energy transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for accurate prey size measurement using animal-borne camera footage.
  • To establish a correction factor (pixel:mm ratio) for converting video pixels to real-world measurements.
  • To assess the influence of salinity and medium (air vs. water) on this correction factor.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized PenguCam footage to determine the pixel:mm ratio by measuring a 2 cm grid paper.
  • Recorded footage at various distances (10-60 cm) and salinities (0-35 psu) under controlled temperature and pressure.
  • Developed linear equations to predict correction factors across different distances.

Main Results:

  • Found no significant variation in correction factors across different water salinities.
  • Observed significant differences in correction factors between water and air due to refractive index variations.
  • Demonstrated the applicability of the method using footage from Humboldt, Tawaki, and King penguins.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides a reliable tool for quantifying prey dimensions from animal-borne camera data.
  • This technique enhances the study of predator-prey interactions by enabling precise prey size and energy content analysis.
  • The findings support wider application of animal-borne cameras in ecological research, particularly in marine environments.