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Age-related effects on dynamic postural stability and prefrontal cortex activation during precision fitting tasks.

Jiahao Pan1, Hui Tang2

  • 1Biomedical Engineering Doctoral Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States of America.

Peerj
|February 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Older adults show poorer dynamic postural stability and increased prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation during precision tasks. This suggests age-related declines in postural control and cognitive processing begin in middle age.

Keywords:
Attentional demandsGoal-directed behaviorNeural compensationNeural dysfunctionPostural control

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Aging Research

Background:

  • Dynamic postural control is crucial for daily activities and declines with age.
  • The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is vital for goal-directed tasks, including those requiring precision.
  • Understanding age-related changes in postural stability and PFC function is essential for interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in dynamic postural stability.
  • To examine age-related changes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation during precision fitting tasks.
  • To explore the relationship between postural control and PFC function across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed precision fitting tasks under varying conditions of opening size and arm's reach.
  • Dynamic postural stability was assessed using center of pressure (COP) measures.
  • Prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation was measured using neuroimaging techniques across six subregions.

Main Results:

  • Young adults exhibited superior dynamic postural stability compared to middle-aged and older adults.
  • Older adults showed significantly greater PFC activation across all measured subregions compared to young adults.
  • Middle-aged adults demonstrated increased activation in specific PFC regions (left dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and dorsomedial) compared to younger adults.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related declines in dynamic postural control are evident by older adulthood.
  • Increased PFC activation in older and middle-aged adults may indicate compensatory mechanisms for reduced automaticity in postural control.
  • Deficits in visuomotor processing and automatic coordination of dynamic postural control may emerge during middle age.