Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
04:49

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain

Published on: May 16, 2025

73

Exosomal miRNAs involvement in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Mahvash Sadeghi1, Jalil Tavakol Afshari2, Afsane Fadaee2

  • 1Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Heliyon
|February 3, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) intercellular communication and are promising biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. This review explores their role in RA pathogenesis and therapeutic potential.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent chronic autoimmune disease characterized by complex cellular and molecular pathways.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • Exosomes are nano-vesicles mediating intercellular communication by transferring biomolecules, including miRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize dysregulated exosomal miRNAs involved in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis.
  • To summarize the role of circulating exosomal miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for RA.
  • To discuss the future potential of exosomal miRNAs in RA gene therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and categorization of studies on exosomal miRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Analysis of exosomal miRNA expression in RA pathogenesis and intercellular communication.
  • Evaluation of exosomal miRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets for RA.

Main Results:

  • Exosomal miRNAs are implicated in intercellular communication between synovial and immune cells in RA.
  • Dysregulated exosomal miRNA expression is observed in RA pathology.
  • Circulating exosomal miRNAs show potential as accessible biomarkers for RA diagnosis and prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomal miRNAs are crucial mediators in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis and intercellular signaling.
  • Circulating exosomal miRNAs represent promising biomarkers for RA diagnosis and monitoring.
  • Exosomal miRNAs offer potential for targeted gene therapy strategies in rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
Keywords:
Exosomal miRNAExosomeRheumatoid arthritismiRNA

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue09:18

Author Spotlight: Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue

Published on: February 24, 2023

7.2K
Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile06:59

Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile

Published on: June 13, 2016

10.2K

Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
21.2K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
939
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
8.6K
Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
2.7K
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
4.6K