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The complexity of caffeine's effects on regular coffee consumers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychopharmacology

Background:

  • Coffee is widely consumed for its stimulating effects, primarily attributed to caffeine.
  • The role of learned associations and habitual consumption in the perceived effects of coffee is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the physiological and cognitive effects of coffee in habitual drinkers are due to caffeine or the ritual of consumption.
  • To compare responses to caffeinated versus decaffeinated coffee in a controlled setting.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, randomized study involving 20 habitual coffee drinkers.
  • Participants ingested either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee (placebo).
  • Cognitive performance, cardiovascular responses, and electroencephalography (EEG) were measured before and after ingestion during rest and an auditory-oddball task.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed between the caffeine and placebo groups in most physiological responses and cognitive functions.
  • Resting-state alpha power was the only measure showing a significant difference.
  • Only one of the three cognitive measures was significantly altered by coffee ingestion.

Conclusions:

  • Habitual coffee consumers may exhibit similar physiological and cognitive responses to coffee-like beverages regardless of caffeine content.
  • The ritual and expectation associated with coffee consumption could play a significant role in its perceived effects for regular users.