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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Psychiatric presentation in Rasmussen's encephalitis.

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Summary

Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) often presents with overlooked psychiatric symptoms alongside epilepsy and cognitive decline. Early recognition and multidisciplinary treatment improve outcomes for this rare neurological disorder.

Keywords:
Neuropsychiatric comorbiditiesRasmussen’s encephalitispsychiatric manifestations

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is a rare neurological disorder.
  • RE is characterized by drug-resistant epilepsy, hemiplegia, and cognitive decline.
  • Psychiatric manifestations in RE are frequently overlooked.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case series of four patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE).
  • To highlight the prominent psychiatric symptoms associated with RE.
  • To emphasize the importance of recognizing and managing psychiatric aspects in RE.

Main Methods:

  • Case series of four patients with RE.
  • Clinical evaluation including neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Assessment of psychiatric symptoms, including behavioral disturbances and psychotic features.

Main Results:

  • All four cases presented with epilepsy, developmental delays, and recent-onset psychiatric symptoms.
  • Neurological findings included weakness, tremors, and hemicerebral atrophy on MRI.
  • Treatment with antiepileptic drugs, antipsychotics, and immunomodulatory therapy led to significant improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Psychiatric symptoms in RE are common and linked to seizure activity and immune responses.
  • RE presents a complex clinical picture requiring a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Comprehensive management of both neurological and psychiatric symptoms is crucial for patient care.