Unlocking a radioactive pertechnetate (TcO₄ ^-) treatment process with functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)

Technetium-99 (⁹⁹Tc), a troublesome radioisotope prevalent in nuclear liquid waste, poses significant environmental and human health hazards due to its long half-life, high fission yield, and fast environmental mobility. The successful mitigation of ⁹⁹Tc is imperative for nuclear waste management; however, it continues to present a significant obstacle. In this comprehensive review, we explore the state-of-the-art developments in separating TcO₄ ^- ions using functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF) materials, spanning from 2010 to the present. We delve into the intricate separation mechanisms of TcO₄ ^- ions, shedding light on advanced research avenues in this field. Furthermore, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the underlying receptor chemistry that is necessary for the specific targeting of pertechnetate anion-based materials. This will provide valuable insights into the molecular characteristics that are crucial for the separation of TcO₄ ^- ions from solutions containing nuclear waste. The review outlines perspectives and conclusions that pave a promising path for the comprehensive investigation of materials poised to revolutionize TcO₄ ^- separation. Finally, we provide forward-looking recommendations for future research directions, opportunities, and associated challenges, to encourage more researchers to leverage TcO₄ ^- selective materials for better management of environmental pollution.