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Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia

Published on: January 22, 2019

Association between myopia and diabetic retinopathy: A two-sample mendelian randomization study.

Jinyi Xu¹, Shengsong Xu¹, Xiao Wang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research

|February 3, 2025

Summary

Myopia, including high myopia, is causally linked to an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and proliferative DR (PDR). Axial length (AL) appears to be a key mechanism, highlighting the importance of myopia control in preventing DR.

Keywords:

Diabetic retinopathy Genetic epidemiology Mendelian randomization Myopia

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Genetics
Public Health

Background:

The relationship between myopia and diabetic retinopathy (DR) is not well-established, with conflicting research and unknown causality.
Investigating a potential causal link is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and developing preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the causal associations between genetically determined myopia and diabetic retinopathy (DR).
To explore potential underlying mechanisms, specifically the roles of spherical equivalent refraction (SER), corneal curvature (CC), and axial length (AL).

Main Methods:

Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed using genetic data from UK Biobank, GERA, and FinnGen.
Evaluated myopia (any and high) against six DR phenotypes, including any DR and proliferative DR (PDR).
Employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, supplemented by sensitivity and causality direction analyses.

Main Results:

Significant positive causal associations were found between any myopia and high myopia with any DR and PDR.
Specifically, high myopia showed a stronger association with DR and PDR.
Axial length (AL) was identified as a significant factor associated with DR, unlike SER or CC.

Conclusions:

Genetically determined myopia, particularly high myopia, causally increases the risk of DR and PDR.
Axial length (AL) is a significant mediator in this association.
Myopia control strategies may be important for preventing the development and progression of DR.