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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
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Measuring phase difference to sense small-scale ocean sound-speed structure.

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Mid-frequency acoustic propagation in deep water is affected by internal waves. This study analyzes acoustic phase differences to reveal meter-scale changes in the underwater acoustic channel driven by these waves.

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Area of Science:

  • Ocean acoustics
  • Internal wave dynamics
  • Underwater acoustic propagation

Background:

  • Deep water acoustic propagation is influenced by fine-scale oceanographic features.
  • Internal waves cause significant, dynamic changes in the underwater sound channel.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal behavior of mid-frequency acoustic propagation.
  • To understand how internal waves affect acoustic signals at meter scales.
  • To correlate acoustic observations with ocean fine structure measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a broadband acoustic experiment in deep water.
  • Collected phase data for two arrivals over 30 minutes at 1.8 km range.
  • Used simultaneous ocean fine structure measurements to model acoustic phase changes.
  • Analyzed phase differences between acoustic arrivals.

Main Results:

  • Observed temporal variations in acoustic propagation linked to sound-speed fine structure.
  • Modeled acoustic phase changes using oceanographic data.
  • Identified an internal wave-driven signal within the acoustic observations.
  • Phase difference analysis revealed meter-scale channel dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Internal waves significantly impact mid-frequency acoustic propagation in deep water.
  • Acoustic phase difference is a viable metric for studying meter-scale underwater channel variations.
  • The study successfully linked acoustic phenomena to specific oceanographic drivers.