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Related Concept Videos

Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

397
The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
397
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Uniform Depth Channel Flow01:27

Uniform Depth Channel Flow

59
Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
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Fluid Movement Between Compartments01:18

Fluid Movement Between Compartments

450
The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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Diffusive transport through a double-cone channel under stochastic resetting.

Gabriel González

    Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
    |February 3, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    Stochastic resetting in double-cone channels affects particle transport. The study reveals geometry-dependent differences in first-passage times and optimal resetting rates for particle escape.

    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Physical Chemistry
    • Statistical Mechanics

    Background:

    • Diffusive transport is fundamental in various physical and chemical processes.
    • Stochastic resetting introduces a non-equilibrium mechanism to influence particle dynamics.
    • Understanding transport in complex geometries like double-cone channels is crucial for applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate three-dimensional diffusive particle transport in a double-cone channel with stochastic resetting.
    • To derive exact analytical expressions for first-passage properties.
    • To analyze the impact of resetting rate and channel geometry on particle escape dynamics.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the modified Fick-Jacobs equation for modeling.
    • Derived exact analytical solutions for unconditional first-passage density.

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  • Calculated mean first-passage times as a function of resetting rate.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified distinct mean first-passage times for narrow-wide-narrow versus wide-narrow-wide double-cone geometries.
    • Observed a discontinuous transition in optimal resetting rates for the narrow-wide-narrow channel with absorbing boundaries.
    • Demonstrated that stochastic resetting can either accelerate or decelerate particle escape.

    Conclusions:

    • The geometry of the double-cone channel significantly influences particle transport under stochastic resetting.
    • Stochastic resetting offers a tunable parameter to control particle escape times.
    • The findings extend previous theoretical work on diffusive transport with resetting.