Powering the Future: Opportunities and Obstacles in Lead-Halide Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Energy Science
• Photovoltaics

Background:

• Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising photovoltaic technology.
• Organohalide PSCs face stability challenges.
• Inorganic perovskites (CsPbX₃) offer thermal stability but require high-temperature annealing and are sensitive to moisture.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the fundamental properties of inorganic lead-halide perovskites.
• To discuss advancements in low-temperature and ambient fabrication of inorganic PSCs.
• To highlight progress in high-efficiency, stable, and scalable inorganic PSCs.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of structural, physical, and optoelectronic properties.
• Analysis of recent fabrication techniques for inorganic PSCs.
• Evaluation of state-of-the-art inorganic PSC performance and stability.

Main Results:

• Inorganic perovskites exhibit excellent thermal stability and optoelectronic properties.
• Advancements enable lower-temperature and ambient condition fabrication of inorganic PSCs.
• Progress has been made in upscaling and enhancing the stability of inorganic PSCs.

Conclusions:

• Inorganic perovskites are a viable alternative to organohalide perovskites for stable solar cells.
• Low-temperature and ambient processing are key to commercializing inorganic PSCs.
• Continued research promises high-efficiency, stable, and scalable inorganic photovoltaic technology.