Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2025
Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
Published on: December 6, 2024
Development of an expectation management intervention for patients with Long COVID: A focus group study with affected
Manuel Funk1, Max Reinke1, Bernd Löwe1
1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Background:
A significant number of individuals who have contracted SARS-CoV-2 report persistent somatic symptoms after the infection has resolved. Evidence-based treatment options for Long COVID are lacking to date. To ensure that an expectation management intervention, designed for the research project SOMA.COV, addresses relevant patient needs as well as to promote treatment acceptance and adherence, a participatory approach was chosen.
Objective:
The aim of the present study was to explore needs and wishes of patients with Long COVID regarding the preliminary version of an expectation management intervention and to thereby inform the further development of the treatment manual.
Methods:
Twenty-two patients affected by Long COVID participated in one of four focus groups in June and July 2023. Participants were presented with the draft content of a four-session expectation management intervention. Feedback was audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results:
Thirteen themes relating to the main components of the intervention manual were developed. Large parts of the manual received overall positive feedback, including psychoeducation on the biopsychosocial etiology of the condition, elements of cognitive restructuring, and an imagination exercise. Patients' response to the presented vicious circle of fear and a behavior change exercise was mixed. Modifications to the manual were made in response to patients' feedback.
Conclusion:
Patients with Long COVID provided positive feedback on an expectation management intervention while also highlighting important adaptations necessary for this patient group. The study results informed the finalization of the treatment manual within the SOMA.COV project, which investigates the effectiveness of this intervention for patients with Long COVID in a three-armed randomized controlled trial.
More Related Videos
06:28E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
Published on: August 1, 2019
12:22Mindfulness in Motion MIM: An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention MBI for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement
Published on: July 1, 2015
Related Concept Videos
01:30Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Nursing Management
Assessment
01:30Asthma-IV: Nursing Management
First, in...
01:29Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management
Smoking Cessation
01:28Pneumonia IV: Management
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
01:17Classification of Illness
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....