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Updated: May 29, 2025

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells
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Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Tumor Cells on Immune Evasion

Xuanfan Liu1,2, Kenneth K W To3, Qinsong Zeng2,4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|February 3, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Tumor cells exploit extracellular vesicles (EVs) to evade immune surveillance, hindering cancer treatment. This review details how tumor-derived EVs (TEVs) modulate immune cells and explores strategies to reverse this immune escape.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Tumor growth is regulated by the complex interplay between cancer and immunity.
  • Antitumor immunity involves innate and adaptive responses crucial for controlling cancer progression.
  • Tumor immune evasion is a significant obstacle in developing effective cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which tumor cells utilize extracellular vesicles (EVs) to evade immune surveillance.
  • To provide an update on the biogenesis and cargo sorting of EVs in the context of cancer.
  • To summarize novel therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming tumor-induced immune evasion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) and their role in immune modulation.
  • Discussion of EV biogenesis and the mechanisms of cargo sorting.
  • Analysis of how TEVs affect immune cell differentiation, activation, and function within the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Main Results:

  • Tumor cells release EVs that carry diverse cargo, influencing the TME.
  • TEVs play a critical role in modulating immune cell behavior to promote immune evasion.
  • Understanding TEV-mediated immune evasion is key to developing new treatment strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles are key mediators of tumor immune evasion.
  • Targeting TEVs presents a promising avenue for novel antitumor therapies.
  • Reversing immune escape through modulation of TEV function is a critical goal in cancer treatment.
Keywords:
extracellular vesiclesimmune evasionimmunotherapytargeted therapiestumor microenvironment

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