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Acute Pediatric Mastoiditis Numbers and Related Complications Before During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Elie Khalifee1, Macaulay Ojeaga2, Kyle Singerman2

  • 1Children's Mercy Hospital, Division of Otolaryngology, 2401 Gillham Rd., Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5000 Holmes St, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|February 3, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric acute mastoiditis cases and complications significantly increased after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study found a 3.5-fold rise in annual mastoiditis cases and a 4.8-fold rise in complicated cases post-pandemic.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Acute mastoiditis is a serious bacterial infection of the mastoid bone.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with changes in pediatric healthcare utilization and disease patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate trends in acute pediatric mastoiditis incidence and associated complications before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective chart review was conducted for children under 18 with acute mastoiditis from January 2017 to October 2023.
  • Patients were categorized into pre-COVID, COVID, and post-COVID periods.
  • Data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, complications, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The post-COVID period saw a significant increase in mean annual mastoiditis cases (27.8/year) compared to pre-COVID (8/year) and COVID (7/year) periods.
  • Complicated mastoiditis cases also rose substantially in the post-COVID era (24/year vs. 5/year pre-COVID).
  • Intracranial complications showed a similar upward trend post-COVID.

Conclusions:

  • There was a 3.5-fold increase in mean annual pediatric acute mastoiditis cases post-COVID compared to pre-COVID.
  • A 4.8-fold increase in mean annual complicated mastoiditis cases was observed post-COVID.
  • These findings highlight a concerning rise in severe mastoiditis following the pandemic.
Abstract

Keywords:
Acute mastoiditisCOVIDComplicated mastoiditisExtracranial complicationsIntracranial complicationsPandemic

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