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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

198
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
198
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

391
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
391
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

234
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
234
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

422
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
422
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

111
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
111
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

988
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
988

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Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor
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Guidelines to the Practice of Anesthesia-Revised Edition 2025.

Gregory R Dobson1, Anthony Chau2, Justine Denomme2

  • 1Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society, Toronto, ON, Canada. gdobson@dal.ca.

Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'Anesthesie
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The Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society (CAS) annually updates its Guidelines to the Practice of Anesthesia for high-quality patient care. Anesthesiologists must use professional judgment, as CAS is not liable for outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Medical Guidelines

Background:

  • The Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society (CAS) developed the Guidelines to the Practice of Anesthesia.
  • These guidelines are subject to annual revision and supersede all prior versions.
  • CAS reserves publication rights and encourages adherence for optimal patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide updated practice guidelines for anesthesiologists in Canada.
  • To ensure high-quality patient care through standardized recommendations.
  • To outline the scope and limitations of the CAS guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Development and annual revision of practice guidelines by the CAS.
  • Dissemination of guidelines to Canadian anesthesiologists.
  • Emphasis on professional judgment in clinical application.

Main Results:

  • The 2025 Revised Edition of the Guidelines to the Practice of Anesthesia is now available.
  • Annual updates ensure the guidelines reflect current best practices.
  • Guidelines serve as a standard for anesthetic practice.

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to CAS guidelines is encouraged for quality patient care.
  • Anesthesiologists retain professional autonomy and responsibility for patient outcomes.
  • CAS disclaims liability for errors or omissions in guideline application.