Guidelines to the Practice of Anesthesia-Revised Edition 2025

The Guidelines to the Practice of Anesthesia-Revised Edition 2025 (the Guidelines) were prepared by the Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society (CAS), which reserves the right to determine the publication and distribution of the Guidelines. The Guidelines are subject to revision and updated versions are published annually. The Guidelines supersede all previously published versions of this document. Although the CAS encourages Canadian anesthesiologists to adhere to its practice guidelines to ensure high-quality patient care, the CAS cannot guarantee any specific patient outcome. Anesthesiologists should exercise their own professional judgement in determining the proper course of action for any patient's circumstances. The CAS assumes no responsibility or liability for any error or omission arising from the use of any information contained in its Guidelines to the Practice of Anesthesia.