The integration of hospital pharmacists into primary care settings in Shenzhen, China: a qualitative study

Integrating hospital pharmacists into primary care settings can enhance the quality of patient care. However, the challenges vary across countries. China has piloted such collaborations between hospital pharmacists and primary care practitioners in recent years, but research on this subject is limited. This study aims to examine the integration of hospital pharmacists into primary care settings in Shenzhen, China, and identify the perceived barriers and facilitators.

From May 1 to November 30, 2022, a qualitative study gathered key informant interviews and on-site observations at three community health centers (CHCs) in Shenzhen. Two researchers collected the data, and all interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a thematic approach.

Seventeen key informants were recruited (eight hospital pharmacists, six GPs, and three health administrators), most of whom were women (n = 11). Hospital pharmacists mainly conduct medication reviews and consultations in clinics or pharmacies of CHCs and engage in home visits with GPs in a few cases. Barriers to their integration include pharmacists' inadequate competency, a lack of patient recognition, GPs' resistance, and insufficient technological support. Patient needs, incentive systems, administrative leadership, social media use, and colocation were identified as facilitators of integration.

While unique opportunities may exist for primary care settings to improve patient care by integrating hospital pharmacists, it is essential to address the barriers stemming from individuals and the health system. Efforts should focus on the targeted training of pharmacists' practical skills, strategic campaigns to raise awareness among the public and healthcare providers, and policy-led efforts to foster technological progress.