Medication Adherence Among Pediatric Post-Heart Transplant Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital

BACKGROUND The present study assessed medication adherence to immunosuppressive therapy in pediatric patients following heart transplantation at a tertiary care center. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional interview-based study combined with immunosuppressant level monitoring was conducted to encompass all pediatric patients who underwent heart transplants at King Abdulaziz Medical City-Central Region over a period of 5 months from January to May 2024. RESULTS More than 95% of patients' parents completed the questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. Among the pediatric post-heart transplant patients, 12 (60%) were males, aged from 6 to 18 years. Most patients (85%) were on tacrolimus, while 15% were on tacrolimus and sirolimus. Using the average blood serum drug levels and the ITAS, the prevalence of non-adherence was found to be 10% and 5%, respectively. Almost 95% of parents reported that they "Never forget about taking immunosuppressive medication". However, a small percentage reported occasional carelessness and missing administration of immunosuppressive medication to their children (5%). One reason given for stopping or missing medication were due to the child feeling worse in overall health (5%). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate generally good adherence among pediatric post-heart transplant patients. Most participants demonstrated acceptable adherence behaviors. Continuous monitoring, support, and education are still necessary to maintain optimal adherence.