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Small-Diameter Stents in Cardiovascular Applications
Bhavana Raj1, Prajitha Pg2,3, Harika Sapa4
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
Chemistry & Biodiversity
|February 4, 2025
Summary
This review covers small-diameter stents for vascular conditions, focusing on biodegradable options like polylactic acid (PLA) and magnesium alloys for pediatric growth. It highlights advancements and challenges in stent technology for improved patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Cardiovascular Research
- Materials Science
Background:
- Small-diameter stents are vital for treating diverse vascular conditions across all age groups.
- A comprehensive review detailing stent evolution, materials, and function is currently lacking.
- Pediatric applications necessitate stents adaptable to patient growth, driving material innovation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of small-diameter stent development, design, materials, and function.
- To emphasize the role and advancements of biodegradable stent options.
- To identify current challenges and future research directions for ideal stent design.
Main Methods:
- Historical development analysis of stent technology.
- Review of material compositions, focusing on biodegradable polymers (e.g., polylactic acid) and alloys (e.g., magnesium).
- Examination of design innovations, mechanistic insights, and drug release kinetics.
Main Results:
- Stent technology has evolved from durable polymers to bioresorbable materials to accommodate pediatric growth.
- Advancements have reduced complications like restenosis and thrombosis, but challenges in biocompatibility and late adverse events remain.
- Drug release kinetics, structural integrity, and personalized interventions are key considerations in stent generations.
Conclusions:
- Biodegradable stents represent a significant advancement, particularly for pediatric patients.
- Further research is needed to improve biocompatibility and minimize long-term adverse cardiac events.
- Developing patient-specific interventions and incorporating novel therapeutics like nanoparticles and interfering RNA are crucial for future stent efficacy.
