The Role of E2F Transcription Factor 1 Protein in Multiple Sclerosis (MS): A Comparative Study of Serum Levels in MS...

This study investigates the role of E2F1 protein levels in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Genetic and environmental factors play a role in the pathogenesis of MS, with T and B lymphocytes contributing to tissue damage via immune responses. E2F1, a transcription factor, regulates the cell cycle in T cells and has been associated with autoimmune responses.  Methods: This cross-sectional study included 24 MS patients and 21 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Serum E2F1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical and imaging data were collected, including Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, MS subtype classification (RRMS, SPMS, PPMS), and lesion localization on MRI. Statistical analyses were performed to compare E2F1 levels across groups and explore associations with clinical parameters.

It was observed that E2F1 levels were significantly elevated in the MS group compared to controls (p = 0.011). A subgroup analysis revealed higher E2F1 levels in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) than in progressive forms (SPMS and PPMS) (p = 0.024). In addition, female MS patients had significantly higher E2F1 levels than male MS patients (p = 0.028). No significant correlation was found between E2F1 levels and clinical variables such as disease duration or the EDSS score.

These findings indicate that E2F1 may play a role in MS pathogenesis, especially in the RRMS subtype, and may act as a biomarker for assessing inflammation and relapse susceptibility. Further research is needed to clarify the role of E2F1 in MS and its potential as a therapeutic target.