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Low glucose challenge test result as a potential risk factor for delays in early child development: the Japan

Satoshi Shinohara1, Reiji Kojima2, Sanae Otawa3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506 Japan.

Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders
|February 4, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Low maternal glucose challenge test (GCT) results are linked to neurodevelopmental delays in children. This study found higher risks in communication, motor, and problem-solving skills, particularly in male offspring.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Maternal glucose levels during pregnancy can impact fetal development.
  • The 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) is a common screening tool for gestational diabetes mellitus.
  • The association between low GCT results and offspring neurodevelopment requires further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between maternal 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) results and neurodevelopmental outcomes in 3-year-old children.
  • To determine if lower-than-average GCT results are associated with early neurodevelopmental delays in offspring.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide prospective cohort study of 12,472 women from the Japan Environment and Children's Study.
  • Participants were divided into a low-GCT group (≤10th percentile, ≤81 mg/dL) and a non-low-GCT group (82–139 mg/dL), excluding those with gestational diabetes or GCT ≥140 mg/dL.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between low GCT results and neurodevelopmental delays using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition.

Main Results:

  • Infants born to mothers with low GCT results exhibited a significantly higher incidence of neurodevelopmental delays compared to those with normal GCT results.
  • Specific delays were noted in communication (aOR 1.35), gross motor (aOR 1.31), fine motor (aOR 1.26), and problem-solving skills (aOR 1.24).
  • No significant association was found for female offspring.

Conclusions:

  • Low maternal 50-g glucose challenge test results are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children at 3 years of age.
  • The observed association between low GCT results and neurodevelopmental delays is influenced by the offspring's sex.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering maternal glucose screening results in assessing potential neurodevelopmental risks in children.
Abstract

Keywords:
Gestational diabetesGlucose challenge testHypoglycaemiaNeurodevelopment

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