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Related Experiment Video

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Focused Ultrasound Modulates Dopamine in a Mesolimbic Reward Circuit.

Greatness Olaitan1, Mallikarjunarao Ganesana1, Andrew Strohman2,3,4

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Journal of Neurochemistry
|February 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) applied to the prelimbic cortex non-invasively reduced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. This modulation, observed at moderate intensity, offers potential for treating addiction and psychiatric disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuromodulation
  • Neuropharmacology

Background:

  • Dopamine is crucial for reward and motivation; its pathway dysfunction is implicated in addiction.
  • Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) affects brain activity, but its impact on dopamine neurotransmission is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of LIFU on dopamine release in the mesolimbic pathway.
  • To determine the optimal intensity of LIFU for modulating dopamine neurotransmission non-invasively.

Main Methods:

  • LIFU at varying intensities (6.5, 13, 26 W/cm²) was applied to the prelimbic cortex (PLC) for 2 minutes.
  • Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core was measured using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry.
  • Anatomical and histological controls were performed to ensure specificity and safety.

Main Results:

  • LIFU at 13 W/cm² significantly reduced NAc core dopamine release by ~50% for up to 2 hours.
  • Higher (26 W/cm²) and lower (6.5 W/cm²) intensities showed less or no inhibition, respectively.
  • No dopamine changes were observed in the caudate or NAc shell, and no cell damage occurred.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate-intensity LIFU non-invasively modulates specific mesolimbic dopamine circuits with high spatial resolution.
  • This technique shows promise for future therapeutic applications targeting addiction and other psychiatric disorders.