Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

7.4K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.4K
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

134
Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
134
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

6.3K
Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
6.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Insights from a multinational survey on ERC courses: a cross-sectional analysis of participant and instructor perspectives.

Resuscitation plus·2026
Same author

The value-based score in laboratory medicine: results of a European pilot study.

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine·2026
Same author

Arch-First Technique for Extensive Thoracic Aortic Replacement: A Case Series of Patients With Complex Thoracic Aortic Disease.

The American journal of case reports·2026
Same author

Heat Shock Protein 70 Deficient Mice Exhibit Reduced Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation.

Biomedicines·2026
Same author

Bystanders effect: does environment affect the way bystanders react in emergencies?

Resuscitation plus·2026
Same author

In Response.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2025

In Vitro Imaging and Quantification of the Drug Targeting Efficiency of Fluorescently Labeled GnRH Analogues
10:36

In Vitro Imaging and Quantification of the Drug Targeting Efficiency of Fluorescently Labeled GnRH Analogues

Published on: March 21, 2017

7.5K

Two GnRH-mitoxantrone Conjugates, Con-3 and Con-7, Target Endometrial Cancer Cells

Christos Markatos1, Georgia Biniari2, Vlasios Karageorgos1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.

Current Molecular Pharmacology
|February 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

New GnRH analogs, Con-3 and Con-7, effectively deliver cytotoxic mitoxantrone to endometrial cancer cells, showing promise as targeted prodrugs. These agents induce apoptosis and reduce proliferation, offering a novel therapeutic strategy.

Keywords:
Anticancer drugsEndometrial cancerGonadotropin-releasing hormoneMitoxantrone.Receptor

More Related Videos

Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?
14:20

Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?

Published on: June 13, 2014

16.6K
Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation
15:04

Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation

Published on: January 19, 2019

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2025

In Vitro Imaging and Quantification of the Drug Targeting Efficiency of Fluorescently Labeled GnRH Analogues
10:36

In Vitro Imaging and Quantification of the Drug Targeting Efficiency of Fluorescently Labeled GnRH Analogues

Published on: March 21, 2017

7.5K
Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?
14:20

Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?

Published on: June 13, 2014

16.6K
Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation
15:04

Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation

Published on: January 19, 2019

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Gynecological Oncology
  • Cancer Therapeutics
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Endometrial cancer is a common gynecological malignancy.
  • Endometrial cancer cells express gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R).
  • Existing GnRH-doxorubicin conjugates are susceptible to premature drug release by plasma enzymes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the cytotoxic properties of novel GnRH analogs, Con-3 and Con-7, against endometrial cancer cells.
  • To investigate the mechanism of targeted drug release via disulfide bond reduction by cellular thioredoxin.
  • To establish the potential of Con-3 and Con-7 as a new class of GnRH-R-specific prodrugs for endometrial cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Conjugation of GnRH analogs with mitoxantrone via a disulfide bond to create Con-3 and Con-7.
  • Treatment of Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells with Con-3, Con-7, and free mitoxantrone.
  • Assessment of cell apoptosis and proliferation using dose- and time-dependent assays.
  • Determination of half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50).

Main Results:

  • Con-3 and Con-7 demonstrated dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects on Ishikawa cells.
  • The IC50 values for Con-3 and Con-7 ranged from 0.64 to 1.45 μM, comparable to free mitoxantrone.
  • Cellular thioredoxin-mediated reduction of the disulfide bond successfully released mitoxantrone within cancer cells.

Conclusions:

  • Con-3 and Con-7 exhibit significant anticancer activity against endometrial cancer cells.
  • The disulfide bond linkage ensures targeted delivery and release of mitoxantrone, overcoming limitations of ester-based conjugates.
  • These GnRH-mitoxantrone conjugates represent a promising new strategy for developing targeted endometrial cancer therapeutics.