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Fmoc-conjugated dipeptide-based hydrogels and their pH-tuneable behaviour

Soumen Kuila1, Souvik Misra1, Riya Saha2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohanpur, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013, India. jayanta@nbu.ac.in.

Soft Matter
|February 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel peptide-based hydrogelators. The glutamine-based hydrogelator (FQ) demonstrated superior gelation efficiency and self-assembly compared to aspartic acid (FD) and glutamic acid (FE) based hydrogelators.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Peptide-based hydrogels are promising biomaterials.
  • Designing hydrogelators with tunable properties is crucial for applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate novel dipeptide-based hydrogelators.
  • To investigate the self-assembly and gelation behavior of Fmoc-phenylalanine dipeptides with varying amino acid side chains.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of three dipeptide-based hydrogelators: Fmoc-Phe-Gln (FQ), Fmoc-Phe-Asp (FD), and Fmoc-Phe-Glu (FE).
  • Study of self-assembly and gelation in phosphate buffer solutions.
  • Characterization using Thioflavin-T binding, molecular dynamics, fluorescence spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and rheology.

Main Results:

  • FQ exhibited superior gelation efficiency and kinetics at neutral pH compared to FD and FE.
  • Lower pH enhanced gelation for all hydrogelators due to protonation of carboxylic acid groups.
  • Thioflavin-T assay indicated the formation of β-sheet-like structures.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations revealed higher aggregation tendency for FQ.
  • Characterization confirmed the formation of peptide-based injectable biomaterials.

Conclusions:

  • The glutamine-based hydrogelator (FQ) shows enhanced self-assembly and gelation properties.
  • pH significantly influences the gelation efficiency of hydrogelators with ionizable side chains.
  • These peptide-based hydrogelators are promising candidates for injectable biomaterials.