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Engineering drive-selection balance for localized population suppression with neutral dynamics.

Katie Willis1, Austin Burt1

  • 1Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL57PY, United Kingdom.

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|February 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

New genetic constructs offer localized pest suppression. This toxin-antidote system balances gene drive and selection, providing efficient, contained population control without widespread environmental spread.

Keywords:
drive—selection balancegenetic biocontrolpopulation genetic engineeringpopulation suppression

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pest Management

Background:

  • Sterile male releases are effective but impractical for many pests due to high release requirements.
  • Synthetic gene drives offer efficiency but risk uncontrolled landscape-wide spread.
  • A need exists for genetic pest control that is both efficient and localized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel genetic construct for localized pest population suppression.
  • To create a system that balances gene drive with selection for stable, contained frequency.
  • To explore CRISPR-based designs for toxin-antidote genetic constructs.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a toxin-antidote genetic construct with recessive lethality/sterility and dominant lethal/sterile edits.
  • Incorporated a protection mechanism against the editing consequences.
  • Utilized computer modeling to assess efficiency and stability.
  • Proposed CRISPR-based molecular construction strategies.

Main Results:

  • The proposed construct can closely approximate selective neutrality, maintaining stable frequencies.
  • Computer modeling indicated 100-fold greater efficiency than sterile male releases.
  • Efficiency increased to 1,000-fold when combined with a genetic booster.
  • CRISPR-based designs were developed, including options without recoded genes.

Conclusions:

  • A novel toxin-antidote genetic construct offers a promising approach for localized pest suppression.
  • This system overcomes limitations of sterile male releases and uncontrolled gene drives.
  • The design allows for efficient, contained population control with potential for enhanced impact using boosters.