Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

26.1K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
26.1K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

41.3K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
41.3K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

8.4K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
8.4K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

425
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
425
Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

1.6K
The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Localized sample-based quantum diagonalization for strongly correlated chemistry.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Ultrafast excited-state proton transfer dynamics using linearized pair-density functional theory.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

From Oxo to Oxyl to Biradical: Systematic Multireference Calculations of Methane Activation at MOF Nodes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Pressure-Induced Stabilization of Terbium(IV) in CsTb(CrO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> Characterized by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Mg<sup>2+</sup> Catalyzes Nonenzymatic RNA Primer Extension through a Concerted Outer-Sphere Mechanism.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Profile of Richard Robson, Susumu Kitagawa, and Omar M. Yaghi: 2025 Nobel laureates in Chemistry.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions
08:42

High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions

Published on: October 10, 2014

11.5K

High-Pressure Effects on an Octa-Hydrated Curium Complex: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation.

Zhuanling Bai1, Morgan Redington2, Soumi Haldar3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Curium and lanthanide complexes were synthesized and studied. Curium

More Related Videos

Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions
11:50

Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

Published on: June 13, 2015

12.5K
Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation
14:22

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation

Published on: April 11, 2014

15.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2025

High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions
08:42

High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions

Published on: October 10, 2014

11.5K
Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions
11:50

Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

Published on: June 13, 2015

12.5K
Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation
14:22

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation

Published on: April 11, 2014

15.0K

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Actinide and Lanthanide Chemistry
  • Solid-State Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Lanthanide and actinide elements exhibit unique electronic properties due to their f-electrons.
  • Understanding the coordination environment and bonding in these elements is crucial for their applications.
  • Previous studies on curium complexes often involved higher coordination numbers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize octa-hydrated curium and lanthanide complexes.
  • To compare the structural and spectroscopic properties of these complexes.
  • To investigate the effect of pressure on the electronic transitions of curium complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Single crystal X-ray diffraction for structural determination.
  • UV-Vis-NIR absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
  • Variable-temperature and variable-pressure spectroscopic studies.
  • Computational analysis of electronic structure.

Main Results:

  • Novel octa-hydrated curium and lanthanide complexes ([Cm(H2O)8](Hdtp)(dtp)·H2O and analogues) were successfully synthesized.
  • Structural analysis revealed similar M-OH2 bond lengths for eight-coordinate curium and lanthanides due to comparable ionic radii.
  • Curium(III) f → f transitions showed a greater pressure dependence compared to lanthanide analogues (Nd(III), Sm(III)).
  • Pressure-induced changes include bond length reduction, spin density delocalization, and intensified 5f orbital interactions, leading to photoluminescence peak broadening and quenching.

Conclusions:

  • The coordination number significantly influences curium-oxygen bond lengths.
  • Curium complexes exhibit distinct pressure-dependent spectroscopic behavior compared to lanthanides.
  • These findings provide insights into the electronic structure and bonding of f-element complexes under pressure.