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Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity and Their Relation to the Risks of Thyroid Cancer
T Grimmichová1, V Kukliková, B Bulanová
1Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic. tgrimmichova@endo.cz.
Physiological Research
|February 4, 2025
Summary
Type 2 diabetes and obesity do not increase thyroid cancer risk. However, diabetic men may have poorer thyroid cancer outcomes. Diabetic patients often experience goiters due to insulin resistance.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Oncology
- Metabolic Diseases
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity are linked to increased cancer risk, but associations with thyroid cancer remain unclear.
- Existing research on T2DM, obesity, and thyroid cancer is inconclusive.
- Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in T2DM may influence thyroid health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between type 2 diabetes, obesity, and thyroid cancer risk.
- To evaluate thyroid cancer risk in diabetic patients with euthyroid status.
- To identify specific patient subgroups with altered thyroid cancer prognosis.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of 184 patients.
- Classification into malignant (M), benign (B), and low-risk carcinoma (MB) cohorts based on histology.
- Statistical analysis using Fisher's exact test and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA.
Main Results:
- Diabetic patients exhibited larger thyroid gland volumes compared to those with normal glucose tolerance (28.8 vs 17.6 mL).
- No significant differences in age, BMI, glycaemia, HbA1c, or HOMA-IR were found across tumor histology cohorts.
- Male patients, particularly those with diabetes, showed a higher incidence of distal metastases, minimally invasive disease, advanced staging, and TERT gene mutations, indicating poorer prognosis.
Conclusions:
- Type 2 diabetes and obesity are not identified as risk factors for thyroid cancer.
- Diabetic males represent a subgroup with potentially poorer thyroid cancer prognosis.
- Diabetic patients with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are predisposed to goiter development.
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