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Updated: May 29, 2025

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Receipt and Timeliness of Mental Health Assessment, Treatment, and Acute Services Following Foster Care Entry

Ann S Swanson1, Sarah A Font2,3

  • 1Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Child Maltreatment
|February 4, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Many children in foster care (FC) need mental health (MH) services, but timely access is inconsistent. Delays can lead to increased use of acute MH care, highlighting a need for better monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Child Welfare Research
  • Pediatric Mental Health Services
  • Healthcare Systems Analysis

Background:

  • Children entering foster care (FC) frequently present with mental health (MH) concerns.
  • Delayed or inadequate MH treatment initiation can result in overreliance on acute MH services.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe patterns of MH service utilization among children in FC.
  • To examine variations in MH service use based on demographics, maltreatment, FC history, and prior MH history.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized linked administrative child welfare and healthcare claims data (2010-2019).
  • Analyzed data for 13,562 Wisconsin children aged 3-16 years entering FC.
  • Described MH assessment and treatment initiation timelines and acute MH service use.

Main Results:

  • Two-thirds of children received MH assessment or treatment, with 61% initiating within 3 months of FC entry.
  • Younger age, kinship care, and no prior MH history were associated with delayed MH service initiation.
  • One in 7 children used acute MH services, with higher rates among Black children, adolescents, and those in non-family settings.

Conclusions:

  • Timely MH assessment and treatment are crucial for children in foster care.
  • Current guidelines for MH services in FC may lack effective accountability and monitoring mechanisms.
  • Addressing disparities in MH service access is essential for improving child well-being.

Keywords:
Medicaidassessmentchild protective servicesfoster caremaltreatmentmental healthout-of-home placementracial/ethnic disparities

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