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Development of fluid intelligence in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A cross-sectional study

Daiki Asano1, Masaki Takeda2, Hirotaka Gima3

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation, Japan Baptist Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Research in Developmental Disabilities
|February 4, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Manual ability, not gross motor function, significantly impacts fluid intelligence in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Cognitive development in CP children diverges from typically developing peers around 57.6 months.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Cerebral palsy (CP) is frequently associated with cognitive delays and motor impairments.
  • Understanding factors influencing cognitive development in CP is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the key functional predictor of fluid intelligence in children with CP.
  • To determine the age at which fluid intelligence in children with CP begins to differ from typically developing (TD) children.

Main Methods:

  • Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) assessed fluid intelligence in 51 children with CP (4-18 years) and 33 TD children (3-9 years).
  • CP severity was classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS).

Main Results:

  • Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) was a significant predictor of fluid intelligence in children with CP (β = -0.29, p < 0.05).
  • Disparities in fluid intelligence development between CP and TD groups emerged after 57.6 months of age.

Conclusions:

  • Manual ability is a critical factor for fluid intelligence development in CP.
  • Early identification of functional limitations can guide interventions to support cognitive development and prevent stagnation.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cerebral palsyFluid intelligenceIntellectual disabilityRaven's coloured progressive matrices

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