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Cardiac events and procedures following COVID-19 compared with other pneumonias: a national register study

Tarjei Øvrebotten1,2, Birgitte Tholin2,3, Kristian Berge4,2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway tarjeiovrebotten@gmail.com.

Open Heart
|February 4, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 had a lower risk of developing new cardiac disease compared to those with other pneumonias. This finding on cardiac disease risk after COVID-19 warrants further investigation into potential residual confounding factors.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of cardiac disease.
  • The comparative cardiac risk between COVID-19 and other causes of pneumonia remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) of cardiac disease in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 versus those with other viral or bacterial pneumonias.

Main Methods:

  • Nationwide registry data from February-November 2020 (COVID-19) and 2018-2019 (viral/bacterial pneumonia) were analyzed.
  • Cardiac outcomes included myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation/flutter, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease, identified via ICD-10 codes.
  • Cox and logistic regression models were used for analysis, adjusting for demographic and clinical factors.

Main Results:

  • Patients with COVID-19 (n=2082) were younger and had fewer comorbidities than those with viral (n=9018) or bacterial pneumonia (n=29,339).
  • COVID-19 patients exhibited a lower hazard of new-onset cardiac disease compared to viral pneumonia (HR 0.79) and bacterial pneumonia (HR 0.66), after adjustment.
  • These findings remained consistent when including recurrent cardiac events.

Conclusions:

  • Hospitalization with COVID-19 was associated with a reduced hazard of new-onset cardiac disease within 9 months post-hospitalization compared to other pneumonias.
  • Despite adjustments for confounders, potential residual confounding from unknown factors cannot be excluded.
Abstract

Keywords:
Arrhythmias, CardiacCOVID-19EchocardiographyHeart Failure

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