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Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...

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Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus Used for the Formation of Strontium Titanate Bicrystals

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Mitigating Diffusion-Induced Intragranular Cracking in Single-Crystal LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ via Extended Solid-Solution

Hyeonsol Shin¹, Agwu Ndukwe², Taemin Kim¹

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|February 4, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Magnesium doping in single-crystal lithium nickel manganese oxide cathodes significantly reduces cracking and volume change. This enhances mechanical integrity and battery durability by suppressing internal stress during lithium diffusion.

Keywords:

Cracking Diffusion-induced stress Lithium-ion batteries Phase transitions Single-crystal cathodes

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Determining the Mechanical Strength of Ultra-Fine-Grained Metals

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Published on: November 22, 2021

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

Single-crystal cathodes offer resistance to intergranular cracking but suffer from intragranular cracking.
The mechanisms driving intragranular cracking in these materials are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of magnesium doping on mitigating crack formation in single-crystal LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (Mg-SC-LNMO) cathodes.
To understand the role of magnesium in improving the mechanical and electrochemical properties of these cathodes.

Main Methods:

Extended solid-solution reactions were employed for magnesium doping.
Electrochemical performance testing and continuum modeling were utilized.
Characterization focused on structural integrity and lithium-ion diffusion.

Main Results:

Magnesium doping reduced volume change by nearly 50% and suppressed two-phase reactions.
The lithium-ion diffusion coefficient was effectively doubled.
Continuum modeling confirmed reduced internal stress due to magnesium's structural support.

Conclusions:

Magnesium doping enhances the mechanical robustness of single-crystal LNMO cathodes.
This strategy improves electrochemical performance and durability for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
The findings offer insights into designing mechanically stable single-crystal battery materials.