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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
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Antimicrobial Characterization of Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Applications
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Antimicrobial Phenolic Materials: From Assembly to Function.

Wanjun Xu1, Zhixing Lin1, Christina Cortez-Jugo1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|February 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New antimicrobial phenolic biomaterials offer a promising solution to combat drug-resistant infections. These advanced materials can be used in wound healing, bone repair, and medical coatings to reduce pathogen transmission.

Keywords:
antimicrobial applicationsmetal-organic materialsnanotechnologypolyphenolssupramolecular chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Multidrug-resistant pathogens present a significant global public health threat, causing high mortality rates.
  • Pathogen transmission occurs readily on surfaces in healthcare and public settings.
  • Antimicrobial materials are crucial for reducing pathogen spread, with natural polyphenols showing promise due to their potency and low resistance potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in fabricating antimicrobial phenolic biomaterials.
  • To summarize various forms of these biomaterials and their synthesis strategies.
  • To highlight their applications in combating antimicrobial resistance and reducing microbial transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of fabrication strategies for phenolic biomaterials, utilizing natural phenolic compounds as active agents or encapsulants.
  • Categorization of synthesized biomaterials into particles, capsules, hydrogels, and coatings.
  • Focus on applications in wound healing, bone repair, oral health, and medical device coatings.

Main Results:

  • Phenolic biomaterials can be fabricated using natural polyphenols as active agents or by encapsulating other antimicrobial agents.
  • Diverse forms of phenolic biomaterials, including particles, capsules, hydrogels, and coatings, have been developed.
  • These materials demonstrate potential in critical applications such as wound healing, bone regeneration, oral care, and antimicrobial medical device coatings.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced phenolic biomaterials offer a potent strategy against multidrug-resistant infections.
  • Their versatile applications in healthcare settings can significantly reduce pathogen transmission.
  • These materials represent a promising therapeutic avenue for public health challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance.