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Causal Exposures in Pancreatic Cancer Incidence: Insights From Mendelian Randomization Studies
Ashraf Mohamadkhani1, Reza Ghanbari2, Ramin Shakeri3
1Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
JGH Open : an Open Access Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|February 5, 2025
Summary
Mendelian randomization studies reveal causal links between gut/oral microbes, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and pancreatic cancer risk. Some microbes offer protection, while others increase risk, guiding personalized prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genetics
- Microbiology
Background:
- Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate and low survival.
- Understanding etiological mechanisms and risk factors is crucial for improved outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the latest Mendelian randomization (MR) studies.
- To identify potential causal factors for pancreatic cancer.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of MR studies examining gut and oral microbiomes.
- Inclusion of studies on non-malignant phenotypes, blood metabolites, immune cells, and chronic inflammation.
- Investigation of causal associations with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Main Results:
- Specific gut and oral microbiome species identified as potential causal factors.
- Causal links established between obesity, type 2 diabetes, and pancreatic cancer.
- Significant risk increase for pancreatic cancer associated with Crohn's disease.
Conclusions:
- Findings highlight the role of various factors in pancreatic cancer etiology.
- Emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research and personalized medicine.
- Suggests potential for enhanced prevention and treatment strategies.
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