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Related Concept Videos

Hybrid Zones02:29

Hybrid Zones

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Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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Fluctuating selection in a monkeyflower hybrid zone.

Diana Tataru1, Max De Leon1, Spencer Dutton1

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Hybridization between monkeyflower species can introduce beneficial drought-adapted traits, but genetic incompatibilities may limit its adaptive potential. Selection pressures vary, influencing gene flow in these hybrid zones.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Ecology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hybridization was historically viewed as a barrier to adaptation and speciation.
  • Recent research highlights hybridization's role in evolutionary processes.
  • The influence of environmental variation on hybrid zone maintenance remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if hybridization is adaptive between Mimulus guttatus and Mimulus laciniatus.
  • To investigate the role of spatial and temporal selection in maintaining natural hybrid zones.
  • To assess the fitness of parental species and hybrids across varying environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Repeated reciprocal transplants of parental and hybrid monkeyflower generations.
  • Environmental data collection in dry (2021) and wet (2023) years in the Sierra Nevada.
  • Fitness assessment of genotypes in natural hybrid and pure species' populations.

Main Results:

  • Hybrid zone environment resembles the dry habitat of M. laciniatus.
  • Hybrid fitness advantage was not consistent; selection against hybrids was weak.
  • M. laciniatus exhibited higher fitness than M. guttatus in both species' habitats.
  • Phenotypic selection favored M. laciniatus-like traits in the hybrid zone during the dry year.
  • Genetic incompatibilities were observed in second-generation hybrids during the wet year.

Conclusions:

  • Hybridization may introduce adaptive drought-tolerant traits from M. laciniatus into M. guttatus, particularly in dry conditions.
  • The adaptive value of hybridization is balanced by potential costs, such as genetic incompatibilities.
  • Complex interactions between positive and negative selection likely shape gene flow patterns in Mimulus hybrid zones.