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Activated Growth Factor From Platelets as Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Through Antioxidant-Oxidative Stress
Ramzi Amin1, Rachmat Hidayat2, Ziske Maritska2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya/Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia.
Background:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to play a significant role in the activation of chronic inflammatory processes in diabetic retinopathy. This study was aimed to evaluate activated growth factor (AGF) from platelet for diabetic retinopathy treatment, utilizing an in vivo investigation to regulate the antioxidant-oxidative stress pathway.
Methods:
The activated growth factor was initially derived by extracting intravenous blood from the rats. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ), reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was assessed using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA). In vivo, diabetic retinopathy rat models were induced by streptozotocin injection and were evaluated by retinal funduscopy.
Results:
The mean diameter of the retinal artery was significantly reduced when activated growth factor with transforming growth factor-β concentration of 10 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL was administered (p<0.05). The retinal tissue of diabetic rats showed a decline in antioxidant activity due to oxidative stress. AGF containing TGF-β (10 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL) significantly increased SOD activity (p<0.05). AGF administration effectively decreased proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1β.
Conclusion:
The study shows that AGF, with TGF-β concentrations of 10 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL, can reduce AGEs, p38MAPK, Nf-κβ, ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and VEGF in diabetic retinopathy rats' retinal tissue, while increasing antioxidant SOD concentration, suggesting AGF may help treat diabetic retinopathy by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
Insights
Activated growth factor (AGF) shows promise in treating diabetic retinopathy by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. This platelet-derived therapy increased antioxidant levels and decreased inflammatory markers in rat models.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Endocrinology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Diabetic retinopathy is linked to chronic inflammation driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
- Oxidative stress significantly impacts retinal tissue in diabetic conditions.
- Platelet-derived activated growth factor (AGF) is explored for therapeutic potential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate activated growth factor (AGF) for treating diabetic retinopathy.
- To investigate AGF's role in regulating the antioxidant-oxidative stress pathway in vivo.
- To assess the efficacy of AGF with specific transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) concentrations.
Main Methods:
- Activated growth factor (AGF) was derived from rat intravenous blood.
- Diabetic retinopathy rat models were induced using streptozotocin.
- Key biomarkers including AGEs, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and VEGF were measured via ELISA.
Main Results:
- AGF with TGF-β (10 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL) significantly reduced retinal artery diameter.
- AGF administration increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, indicating enhanced antioxidant capacity.
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and oxidative stress markers were significantly decreased by AGF.
Conclusions:
- AGF, particularly with TGF-β at 10 and 100 ng/mL, effectively reduced key markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy.
- AGF demonstrated potential in increasing antioxidant SOD concentration in retinal tissues.
- The findings suggest AGF is a promising therapeutic agent for diabetic retinopathy by mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress.
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