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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
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Multiple dimensions approach in polysubstance use: An ESEM analysis based on the RDoC framework.

Laís da Silva Pereira-Rufino1, Denise Ribeiro Gobbo1, Rafael Conte1

  • 1Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP; São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging
|February 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Structural brain changes in limbic areas significantly impact substance use patterns in individuals with substance use disorders (SUD). These findings highlight the role of limbic integrity in addiction, even with cognitive deficits.

Keywords:
Emotional disordersExploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM)Gray matter volumeLimbic regionsSubstance use disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Substance use disorders (SUD) are linked to cognitive and emotional impairments.
  • Genetic, neurodevelopmental, and environmental factors influence SUD.
  • Co-occurrence of SUD with emotional disorders complicates treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate relationships between drug abuse, neurocognition, emotional indicators, and brain structure in SUD patients.
  • Utilize the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM).
  • Compare SUD patients with healthy controls using neuroimaging and behavioral assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 50 SUD patients and 50 healthy controls.
  • Assessed group differences using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and regions of interest (ROIs).
  • Evaluated substance use (ASSIST), cognitive performance, and emotional states.

Main Results:

  • SUD group showed higher depression, anxiety, and cognitive deficits compared to controls.
  • SUD group exhibited significantly lower gray matter volume (GMV) in cortical and limbic areas.
  • ESEM revealed limbic areas indirectly and negatively impacted substance use scores (ASSIST).

Conclusions:

  • Structural impairments in limbic areas strongly influence substance use patterns in SUD.
  • Limbic structural integrity plays a crucial role in addiction, independent of cortical volume and cognitive function.
  • Findings underscore the importance of targeting limbic regions in SUD treatment strategies.