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Changes in local cerebral glucose utilization induced by convulsants.

T L Pazdernik, R S Cross, M Giesler

    Neuroscience
    |March 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Different convulsants affect brain glucose metabolism differently. Severe seizures like status epilepticus strongly activate cortical and limbic areas, while milder convulsions primarily impact the basal ganglia and substantia nigra.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Neurochemistry
    • Epileptology

    Background:

    • Seizures involve complex brain activity.
    • Understanding the neurochemical basis of different seizure types is crucial.
    • Local cerebral glucose utilization reflects neuronal activity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between the type of seizure induced by various convulsants and the resulting changes in local cerebral glucose utilization.
    • To map the anatomical distribution of altered glucose metabolism in the brain during different seizure types.

    Main Methods:

    • Administration of six convulsants: Soman, intrahippocampal penicillin, bicuculline, pentylenetetrazol, picrotoxin, and strychnine.
    • Measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization using 2-deoxyglucose.

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  • Correlation of observed seizure types with regional brain glucose metabolism.

    • Main Results:

    • Strychnine induced motor convulsions with minimal impact on brain glucose utilization, suggesting spinal cord action.
    • Pentylenetetrazol and picrotoxin caused intense seizures with increased glucose use in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra.
    • Soman, penicillin, and bicuculline induced status epilepticus, leading to significant glucose utilization increases in cortical areas, limbic system, basal ganglia, and substantia nigra.
    • The magnitude of glucose use changes was greater with Soman, penicillin, and bicuculline compared to pentylenetetrazol and picrotoxin.

    Conclusions:

    • The anatomical distribution of altered local cerebral glucose utilization correlates with the type of seizure induced by specific convulsants.
    • Centrally mediated convulsions consistently activate the substantia nigra and basal ganglia.
    • Status epilepticus is associated with widespread brain activation, particularly in cortical and limbic structures.