Retraction notice to "TiO₂ nanoparticles derived from egg shell waste: Eco synthesis, characterization, biological...

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor. Concerns with this article were reported on PubPeer at https://pubpeer.com/publications/DEE93691BDEADCEC931BA7CE58F685 regarding figure 4 and it is impossible for the Ti peaks to appear outside their supposed locations. The response from the authors did not satisfactorily address this point. Further serious concerns were subsequently identified. Firstly, related to figure 2, comparison of the XRD pattern with published results shows that the one presented in this article is inconsistent with TiO₂ anatase (JCPDS card no: 89-4921). Secondly, following minor editing of the labels, two of the images that form part of figure 5 have previously been published as part of figure 5 of an earlier article (Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 41 (2022) 3387-3394, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10520-1) which deals with different materials and different microbes. For all of the above reasons, the editor has lost confidence in the reliability of the findings presented in this article as a whole and is therefore retracting it.