Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

190
Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
190
Heat Flow and Specific Heat01:12

Heat Flow and Specific Heat

5.3K
Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is...
5.3K
Laminar Flow01:27

Laminar Flow

574
Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:
574
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

124
Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
124
Irrotational Flow01:28

Irrotational Flow

389
Irrotational flow is characterized by fluid motion where particles do not rotate around their axes, resulting in zero vorticity. For a flow to be irrotational, the curl of the velocity field must be zero. This imposes specific conditions on velocity gradients. For instance, to maintain zero rotation about the z-axis, the gradient condition:
389
Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

125
Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...
125

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Aquablation for dual burden disease - BPH and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a single-center prospective pilot study.

BMC urology·2026
Same author

In vitro embryo production alters spatial organization of mesodermal and endodermal markers in elongating bovine conceptuses.

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Extreme galaxy-scale outflows are frequent among luminous early quasars.

Nature·2026
Same author

Antibody responses to inactivated (adjuvanted) and attenuated (non-adjuvanted) feline panleukopaenia virus vaccination, including in different injection sites.

Journal of feline medicine and surgery·2026
Same author

Author Correction to "Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Heart Failure Society 2025 Guideline Update for Pharmacologic Management of Heart Failure With Nonreduced Ejection Fraction (LVEF > 40%) [Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Volume 41, Issue 10, Pages 1857-1874. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2025.07.027]".

The Canadian journal of cardiology·2026
Same author

A Perplexing Plexopathy After Pembrolizumab Therapy in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow
08:25

Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow

Published on: April 30, 2018

7.1K

Directly imaging the cooling flow in the Phoenix cluster.

Michael Reefe1, Michael McDonald2, Marios Chatzikos3

  • 1Kavli Institute for Astrophsyics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. mreefe@mit.edu.

Nature
|February 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Galaxy clusters face a cooling flow problem, where hot gas should cool but doesn't. New James Webb Space Telescope observations reveal rapid cooling events in the Phoenix cluster, challenging previous assumptions about black hole feedback.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers
04:36

Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers

Published on: September 1, 2023

3.1K
Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
10:53

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2025

Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow
08:25

Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow

Published on: April 30, 2018

7.1K
Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers
04:36

Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers

Published on: September 1, 2023

3.1K
Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
10:53

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Galaxy Evolution
  • Cosmic Plasma Physics

Background:

  • Galaxy clusters contain hot intracluster medium (ICM) that should cool rapidly.
  • The "cooling flow problem" describes the discrepancy between expected gas cooling and observed low star formation rates.
  • Previous theories suggested black hole jets prevent ICM cooling, but direct evidence across all gas phases was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map gas phases in a galaxy cluster core at unprecedented scale and resolution.
  • To investigate the cooling flow problem by observing the Phoenix cluster.
  • To understand the role of black hole feedback in regulating ICM cooling and star formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) for observations.
  • Mapped the [Ne VI] λ 7.652-μm emission line to probe gas at 10^5.5 Kelvin.
  • Analyzed gas phases across a range of temperatures (10^5 K to 10^6 K) in the cluster core.

Main Results:

  • Detected extended [Ne VI] emission cospatial with the coolest ICM and star-forming regions.
  • Evidence suggests a recent, rapid cooling episode in the Phoenix cluster.
  • Estimated a short-lived spike in the cooling rate, between 5,000-23,000 solar masses per year.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first large-scale map of gas across multiple temperature phases in a cluster core.
  • Observations indicate that black hole feedback can both regulate and promote gas cooling.
  • The findings challenge the notion that black hole jets solely prevent cooling, suggesting a more complex interplay.